When there is a need to help,
No matter where and when they came from, but virtually every one of us has some knowledge about first aid. Alas, in most cases, this set of knowledge is a mess of stereotypes and rumors, and the application of this cereal in practice is not just useless but also dangerous. For example, everyone knows that the fracture should splint. And most imagine this bus as two or three sticks, ideally - shtaketiny of the fence with the remnants of traditional painting. for some reason it appears that the man was not pleased when his broken arm, a leg trying to straighten out and tied to a stick.
1. Sam dies, and friend help me out
This stereotype is tightly-tightly hammered into the heads of the older movies, books and just ideologieysovetskogo time, desperately praises the heroism and sacrifice.
There is no doubt - these qualities are important, valuable and sometimes even necessary. But in real life, on a street in the city or on the nature of learned by rote adherence to the rules could cost lives as a hero and saved.
A simple example - the car crashed into a pillar of power lines. The driver sits inside the unconscious, talk to him is terrible. And then he rushes to the rescue of the hero. Reaches the car, not seeing the wires, and again - one more victim. Sled still a hero, then - a couple more ... and here before us a car with a driver alive, surrounded by a bunch of heroic bodies, and had no time to call rescuers and ambulance. Clearly, the hype in the press, meeting with posters, "How long?" Who - then sued, and the whole country entered a state of emergency.
In short - a mess, and why? Because our characters are not aware of one simple rule - first determine that threatens you, and only then - that threatens the victim, because if you something happens to help you can not. Assess the situation, call the 01 and possibly refrain from extreme heroism. As if this sounds cynical, one corpse is always better than two.
2. Get it all means
Continuing the theme of roads and road accidents. You will not believe how common in our country, the following scenario: emergency and rescue workers come to the scene and the victims have already recovered from crumpled cars stacked in the shade and drink of waters. In this voluntary rescuers pulled people out of cars in the hands and feet and in addition to the injuries already caught a couple more just general concern, such as deformation of the broken spine. So a man sat in the car, waited for help, specials carefully disassembled this car would put him on a stretcher and transferred to doctors. Six months in the hospital and back on their feet. And now there. Now - a lifelong disability. And since not special. All of the desire to help.
So - do not. No need to depict rescuers. Actions witness an accident are the following: to call for help, disconnect the battery emergency vehicle that is not from an accidental spark flared up spilled gasoline, the garden scene of an accident, the victim stop bleeding (if any) and before the arrival of the doctors just a man ... talk. Yes, psychologically support, distract, encourage, joking after all. The wounded man must feel that the care.
But to drag a person's hands and feet of the car can be in only one case - when the possible effects of transportation will be less than its absence. For example - when the car caught fire.
Remember this bike? In the Army first-aid kit is a pin, and she needs to pin the language of the unconscious man to his own collar - so that he (the language) does not fuse and blocked airways. And it happened, and did. Good picture - here and so to wake up from fainting, but with tongue out? Yes, an unconscious man always sinks language. Yes, it must be borne in mind and deal with it. But not in the same barbaric method!
Have you ever, by the way, tried to get a man out of his mouth language? No? Try it. Waiting for you discovery - it seems that the soft, slippery and does not want to remain in the extended state. Yes, and it is unhygienic. To release the airways of sunken language rights simply by moving sideways. ALL - the airways open. So, by the way, it is recommended to do with all the familiar and unfamiliar drunks sleeping on the street. Put it on its side - and nothing Ave. But if he fell asleep lying on his back, then his life threatened by two dangers at once: to suffocate by retractions language and choke vomit. And if one side for some reason can not (for example - a suspicion of spinal injury, for which there is once again stirring dangerous man) just zaprokinte his head back. That's enough.
Incidentally, this is quite possible. Tourniquet is applied to the neck, but not just so, and by hand. But it's not about that. The wiring in our people relationship tremulous and tender. He is in every medicine cabinet, and therefore for any heavy bleeding citizens rush zhgutovat. Some without even remember that summer burning can be imposed for two hours, and in winter one. And know that deoxygenated blood is darker in color arterial. Here are just often turns out that is not the most life-threatening deep cuts for some reason the tow, so much so that on arrival at the hospital it turns out - is no longer bloodless limb to save.
Remember - only applies tourniquet to stop arterial bleeding. How is it different? Well certainly not by the color of blood. First, the shades of red and so is not always differences, and then there's a stressful situation. It is easy to get wrong. However, it is arterial bleeding, you will learn easily. If we translate our typical pressure of 120 to 80 in the atmosphere, you get somewhere 1,4. That is, almost half. Now imagine that from a narrow tube through a small hole under the pressure of the atmosphere enters the half-yes. Figured a fountain would be? That's right. That pressure and the height of the fountain of blood unmistakably recognized by arterial bleeding. And here you can not procrastinate, life goes from a person with each passing second. So it is not necessary to search for tow or rope off his belt. Go fast pinch, a finger. Where? In places where the arteries come closest to the body surface and less covered - the groin, under-and-mouse.
Your task - to squeeze the artery to wait to stop bleeding, and only then priladit to place a tourniquet. And as soon as possible to the hospital. By the way, harness put on the clothes, so it is visible. Note to the casting time of tourniquet should have a little marker on my forehead ... the victim. So more likely that the information is not lost, but the poor fellow certainly forgive you this body art.
But phleborrhagia - even very abundant - it is better to stop a tight pressure bandage. It does not matter if it is soaked in blood - put another layer on top. This among other things enable the physician to assess the severity of the thickness of the bandage bleeding.
We imagine, for 80% of the water, which, among other properties, has also heat. What is our burning, given these data? Certain amount of heat reaches the skin's surface and goes deeper into the tissues of the body, which readily accumulate inherited them joules. That tells us a banal logic? To learn joules ago and to stop overheating, we must place the burn cool. After all, right? And just like. Pour cool water on a burn and wait. But here we are waiting, as it turns out, is not enough. As a rule - to mitigate or disappearance of pain, that is, less than a minute. During this time, only a portion of joules comes out, the rest sitting, crouching and waiting for developments. How do we develop an event? Thickly spread it burn a place panthenol, cream, yogurt or - grandmother's recipe, butter and salt. What's happening? Over where the tissues still walk notorious joules, creates sealed bag of a substance that covers their release. As a result - burn only get worse. But if you'd had the patience to stand still under water for 10-15 minutes, would be quite another matter. And panthenol, and other funds began to work with intact skin, from under which all heat is withdrawn.
Russia - the place is cold, so that one of the threats to the Russian people - frostbite. Faced with almost everything - his ears and nose are white, lose sensitivity, but if their hands or rub with snow, quickly redden, and then comes pain. Why does it hurt something? Yes, in fact, that our body (forgive the simplification) - a system of tubules and provodochkov, where the first - the blood vessels, and the second - the nerve endings. Freeze in the cold tube, the blood does not circulate on them (hence the white color), provodochki dubeyut, and it all becomes brittle. And we are starting to chafe. And Cruz break-provodochki melenkie tubules, causing serious damage to the body. After all, even a bottle of beer, frozen in the freezer, with a sharp move in the heat can explode. A really sweet flasks ... So - do not rub. It should be slow to warm. Cool or lukewarm water. Then the effects of frostbite would not be as bad, and the pain of the return of sensitivity is not as strong.
Remember how it happened at a high temperature-it-yourself hot and shivering. The whole body was trembling, I want to go to a ball under the warm-warm blanket and warm up ... And it went to, and even then warmed, and knew not that warm in this situation not only harmful but deadly. It's simple - high fever (over 38) temperature indicates only one thing. That the temperature continues to rise and the body overheats. He needs to cool, while we instead wrap oneself up as warm, covered with blankets, heaters obkladyvaetsya. As a result - a personal thermos, in which the body heats up more and more. In the saddest cases, the temperature flew for a mark 41, and then were already irreversible processes that lead to death. Infrequently, but it happens. So remember - at high temperature and chills do not have to wrap oneself up. Ohlazhdatsya.Prohladnaya need a bath, a light blanket, wet rubdown ... anything, just to give the body an opportunity to dump excess heat. Be sure - so the heat will be transferred and will be much easier.
So. Did the parents that the crystals are completely dissolved manganese in the water only at temperatures around 70 degrees? Whether they knew that bodyazhit such a solution is not just a meaningless (not necessarily to drink antiseptics to immediately give them back), but also dangerous, as insoluble crystal of potassium permanganate can be quite a lot of gastric trouble? Do not waste time and chemicals - to clean your stomach enough to drink 3-5 glasses a simple warm water and induce vomiting.
Man choked, poor fellow, and coughing so that the heart is straining. What do others? Of course, help him - knocking on the back. And that's why they do it? From a scientific point of view, such attacks even more annoying place where there is a foreign body from choking on enhanced cough reflex and returned the wrong way a piece of flies itself. Now imagine a drain pipe. Throw back the cat (of course, ostensibly, we're not sadists any) and start banging on a pipe with a stick (virtual). What do you think, what is the likelihood that the cat will jump out from the top tube? So it is with our piece - in the ninety-nine cases, the person cleared his throat. And here in one piece would fall deeper into the airways with all its consequences - the need for medical intervention to death from respiratory arrest. So - no need to knock. Even if asked. Much easier and safer to calm a person and ask him to do a few slow, very slow breaths and blow. When exhaling bend forward slightly better - something to our downspout from a vertical to a horizontal position shifted. Three or four of these breaths - and cough increase. Piece will fly by itself, easily and securely.
This is probably the most common and most legendary misleading, in that quite seriously believe millions of Russians. This is an unshakable belief that a person who suffered an epileptic fit, you must decompress the teeth and paste between them something. Beauty! And stick after all - trying to, at least. A epileptics later, he himself was surprised to realize that their mouth hammered by Gnawed plastic pen (at best) or fragments of their own teeth (at worst). So: do not! Do not poke the man in the mouth horrible to him and so pitifully. Make it worse. After all, the well-wishers justify such actions? So that a person in a fit to bite my tongue. Three times, "Ha! So you know - during the attack all the muscles of people are in good shape. Including language, which among other things, also a muscle. He strained and therefore can not be thrown out of his mouth and not get between your teeth. High - will prikushen tip. Blood at this a bit, but, to mix with saliva, the foam, it creates the appearance of unprecedented destruction - and fueled by myths about languages bitten off. In general, do not you meddle with their knives, forks, spoons. If you really want to help, kneel at the head of an epileptic, and try to hold her head to avoid hitting the ground. Such attacks are much more dangerous hypothetical prokushennogo language. And when the active phase of the attack will take place - convulsions run out - gently rotate the human side, as he came the second phase, a dream. It can not last long, but still in a state of the muscles are relaxed, and therefore it is possible to suffocate from the retractions of the language.
